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Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation
Research 14 October 2024–6 March 2025
Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 6, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.
Title Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation Dates 14 October 2024–6 March 2025 Location Reading Room

Standard Deviation follows a line of enquiry that recurs across twenty-five years of Patrick Waterhouse's practice. Discrete projects are printed onto A4 sheets of paper. This lends coherent form to the bounty of ideas present in the room. Strung together this way, a series of original artworks, disparate in size and medium, are democratised in a standard form, without hierarchy in this sequence, whether they were first presented as oil paintings made in China, incomplete drawings for a series of lectures by the Burnsteins showing the different levels of sin in Dante's hell, video animations by the artist, to list only a few examples. Collected together, the works appear as iterations, as if the same object was shifted around to make all other things. A red circle that grows smaller. Pieces of a test that are endlessly arranged and rearranged. Standardisation is offered to present a visual acknowledgment of the artist’s preoccupation with ‘dividual’ intelligence: intelligence as a collective, evolving entity shaped by context, iteration, and error rather than being the province of one individual, of one mind. “How do you put thoughts into images in a way that helps people know that thoughts are ideologies? This can be done through putting unlike things together that show their likeness, it can be done through subversion, or intervention,” says the artist. “You need categorisation, but it’s also the start of all the problems, the differences… We need category to understand the world but category can lead to tyranny.” The collected works demonstrate, to quote a phrase that opens the room, how: Every idea is a migrant, or looking beneath this phrase at Waterhouse’s work that references Arthur Schopenhauer, Something can be true and untrue at the same time. “Our ideas bloom from a lifetime’s collection of other people’s ideas,” Waterhouse says.

A4's Reading Room is an adaptable space attached to A4's Library and Archive. Intended to solve for form depending on its required function, it is at once a bookish environment for reading and contemplation and a place to unpack artists' archives. The Reading Room's inter-leading doors become walls when locked to create a stand-alone spatial research studio that hosts residents and practices site-specific work that most often is connected to packing and unpacking projects as a form of research.

Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 6, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.

“If you think about it,” Patrick Waterhouse offers, “We don’t really know our knowledge.” We are standing at an image of Waterhouse’s father performing a reenactment of the Burnsteins. The Burnsteins, says Waterhouse is “whoever you need him to be.” Underdog philosopher, psychologist, impractical intellectual, the Burnsteins presents himself in a tongue-and-cheek reference to the way Montaigne made use of Socrates, as in this excerpt from Montaigne's essay On the Education of Children (trans. 1685):

I hold, and Socrates commands it, that whoever has in his mind a sprightly and clear imagination, he will express it in one kind of tongue or another – Once a thing is conceived in the mind, the words to express it soon present themselves.

The Burnsteins' first book, Absolute Truth and Other Possibilities, became a site for the artist to “playfully engage with material that could be otherwise quite stifling”. The Burnsteins performs all sorts of experiments to test so-called aptitudes and intelligences, while being a host of adaptations and de-diagnostic tools. As such, he provides a smoke-screen for talking about other things: how knowledge is tested and evaluated, categories defined, ‘truth’ established from multiple options. The Burnsteins is a useful heretic able to point out the possibilities that come with slippages. He could be described as ‘the artists’ philosopher’ for the sorts of artists who are looking for the slippages that they themselves catalyse.

Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 28, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.
Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 28, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.

In one of the images on the wall, pieces of puzzles that one is given to test aptitude, IQ and categorise ‘divergence’ from an established norm, has been made by Waterhouse into South America instead of its intended outcome. During a three-day studio visit with the artist in London, July 2024, he discussed the idea of intellectual property, of the ownership of ideas, as having developed from the ownership of land. The frameworks established to claim title to a portion of land were extrapolated to assert ownership over ideas. Land was enclosed, intended to work, to be ‘productive’, prioritising high yields over everything else and this same logical framework was extended to thinking and invention. Benjamin Franklin, as an example, refused to use any patents, believing it would squash innovation.

Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 6, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.

Standard Deviation asks, “What happens when we attempt to standardise the mind? Through sequences, copies of copies, and iterative games, the installation reveals how information shifts and deforms through repetition. A line of A4 printouts shows Waterhouse’s The Unknown Masterpiece (2022), 31 paintings that began with a painting of Karl Marx (and where Russian constructivism is given the opportunity to take a turn towards abstraction). In Chongqing, China, in what resembles a game of ‘broken telephone’, the artist invited students of Sichuan Fine Art Institute, together with local artists working as sign-painters, and copiers of masterworks, to replicate a painting. Each artist was presented only with the artwork made by the painter before them, and provided with no contextual information as to the origin of the work they were asked to copy. In spite of each painter’s efforts to faithfully mirror what was presented to them, deviations and interpretations occur and compound across the line. At points throughout the room, quotations that Waterhouse gave to Yin Shiyan, who worked as his translator in China, were then placed through translation software, from English to Chinese, back and forth, with outcomes that veer in some cases quite far from the sense of the ‘original’. These processes expose the fragile boundaries between what is considered ‘standard’ and where deviation begins – not as a flaw but as a natural, even necessary, feature of cognition.

Process: Patrick Waterhouse and Hedley Twidle in conversation during both practitioner’s respective COEs, February 7, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.

This installation for Standard Deviation occurs in the framework of a six-month Course of Enquiry at A4, where a practitioner explores various forms of 'making public' their research, and branches from a much longer engagement between Waterhouse and A4's team. The artist was resident at A4 for ten days in 2022, and we paid him a longer-durational studio visit in London in July 2024 that took place over three consecutive days. On 7 February 2025, Patrick Waterhouse and Hedley Twidle met to talk about their respective Courses of Enquiry at A4 and where their interests intersect over 'tests', Twidle's research into tests for dementia, and Waterhouse's with regards to standardised testing for IQ, aptitude and other.

Installation view: Patrick Waterhouse | Standard Deviation, October 14, 2024–March 6, 2025. Image courtesy of A4 Arts Foundation.
Spatialising ideas
Lucienne Bestall

A series of projects, workshops, events and residencies at A4 invite practitioners to play out enquiries in our Curatorial Studio, making artistic processes and research visible. – April 9, 2025

Path page
Spatialising ideas
Lucienne Bestall
A series of projects, workshops, events and residencies at A4 invite practitioners to play out enquiries in our Curatorial Studio, making artistic processes and research visible. – April 9, 2025
Path page

How can thinking – with its complexities and subtleties, its false starts and revisions – be drawn out of the mind and into space? That artists more often think by doing offers a privileged view into creative practice, affording insights into their conceptual and material wanderings. This view, however, is largely limited to the studio or otherwise kept out of sight.

Inviting artists to inhabit our Curatorial Studio, working in view of the team, critical friends, and the public, A4 supports and promotes the spatialising of ideas. This drawing out of otherwise unseen processes, while taking its cue from studio practice, extends beyond artists to include invited practitioners engaged in art-adjacent or image-centred research projects.

At times, the ideas made visible at A4 are distilled into discrete presentations; at others, this spatialising is an end in itself, shifting into clarity the more opaque mechanisms of artmaking and -thinking.

Sean O'Toole's Course of Enquiry is a useful example of the former: a research project towards Photo Book! Photo-Book! Photobook! in A4's Gallery, which saw him trace a history of publications across a hand-drawn timeline, the cover of each book photocopied and taped to the wall. This initial chronological strategy was later refined in the exhibition.

Installation photograph from the Photo Book! Photo-Book! Photobook! exhibition in A4’s Gallery. On the left, four screen prints from Gavin Jantjes’ ‘Colour These Blacks White (A South African Colouring Book)’ series is mounted on the wall in an area dedicated to photobooks from the years 1945 to 1967.

Examples of the latter include engagements that restage the artist's studio in our Gallery. Projects that follow this format include two iterations of Parallel Play, where practitioners worked alongside one another, Kevin Beasley's without a clear discernible image, an exhibition made on site by the artist, and Igshaan Adams' Open Production, a hybrid studio environment.

Installation photograph from the 2018 rendition of ‘Parallel Play’ in A4’s Gallery. On the left, Moshekwa Langa’s gouache and pencil work ‘I Am So Sorry (Green)’ is mounted on the gallery wall. On the right, Kyle Morland’s sculptural objects is mounted on a moveable gallery wall.
Process photograph from the second rendition of the ‘Parallel Play’ studio setup in A4’s Gallery. At the front, a stack of Kyle Morland’s metal sculptures on a table. At the back, Asemahle Ntlonti and their studio assistant working on the gallery floor.
Process photograph from the ‘without a clear discernible image’ exhibition in A4’s Gallery. At the front, Kevin Beasley measures out a liquid component used for the resin hardening process on an electronic scale. At the back, sheets of brown paper with writing are taped to the wall.
Process photograph from ‘Open Production’, Igshaan Adams’ hybrid studio/exhibition in A4’s Gallery. At the back, three of Adam’s studio assistants are weaving with threads suspended on looms attached to the top of the gallery walls. At the back of the threads tracings made onto tracing paper are used as guides. On the lefthand side, one of the assistants is seated on metal scaffolding.

Other practitioners use the space afforded by our Curatorial Studio to unpack archives. These include the records and traces related to a given artwork or a past exhibition, as with Christian Nerf's Polite Force or the DadaSouth? workshop.

Such unpackings might ask after inherited collections, like those of the Dendrological Society of South Africa (of which Michael Tymbios became the unintended custodian) and the acquisition of art world-related ephemera by A4’s Library –

Installation photograph of Michael Tymbios’ studio during his residency in A4 Arts Foundation. A closeup view of a freestanding display case that holds photographs and ephemera.

Or offer artists the opportunity to reevaluate past and ongoing projects in the round, as with Tommaso Fiscaletti’s Hemel Liggaam and Patrick Waterhouse’s Standard Deviation, both of which played out in the Reading Room.

Space can become an unexpected tool in imagining and planning towards a publication, shifting the bound book object and its proposed contents into an expanded view, as with Larry Hamburger's Black Plastic project, also in the Reading Room.

Even those books already published lend themselves to be extended outwards. For the launch of Kim Gurney's Panya Routes, the author's research images were reimagined as objects, cut-out and propped up on a series of shelves as a backdrop to her conversation with Neo Muyanga.

Installation photograph from the book launch of Kim Gurney’s ‘Panya Routes’ in A4’s Reading Room. A white bookshelf mounted on the wall is lined with photographs from the book.

For the launch of ArtThrob: 25 Years of Art Writing in South Africa and Ernest Cole’s reissued House of Bondage, literal projections streamed live from a top-down camera not only magnified the books' contents but offered a physical engagement with the printed form.

Event photograph from the book launch of 'ArtThrob: 25 Years of Art Writing in South Africa' in A4 Arts Foundation. On the right, writer Keely Shinners is seated at the speaker's table. On the left, a livestream top-down view of the speaker's table is projected onto the wall.

Research more often consigned to digital folders takes on a new texture when it spreads out into space. Being visible, it invites generative discussions and offers 'proof of work', notating time spent ideating and problem-solving. It suggests the breadth and width of a given study and offers an image to an otherwise invisible process.

Take, for example, Lemeeze Davids' research on notebooks in Goods, the form of which – print-outs and handwritten observations – echoed its subject. Coinciding with History on One Leg, a browsable exhibition of Kentridge's studio notebooks, the presence of this research served as a useful primer (or footnote) to visitors.

Similarly, Social – an open-call archive of posters, physical and digital flyers, installation photographs, exhibition texts, and zines made in support of artist initiatives in Cape Town – found a visual expression in Goods. Wheatpasted to the wall, facsimiles of this ephemera traced a recent history and social cartography of the local art scene.

That research towards an exhibition can be experienced spatially allows curators to preempt and solve for form, much like Sean O'Toole's rehearsals towards Photo book! Photo-book! Photobook!. Other examples include Nkhensani Mkhari's presentation of mode(l) in Goods, which anticipated Model in the Reading Room.

Installation photograph from the ‘Model’ exhibition in A4’s Reading Room. In the middle, Bogosi Sekhukhuni’s ‘Dark Gravity,’ consists of a black trampoline with a black bowling ball resting on it. Various works line the walls, with two video screens mounted on a pole towards the back.

Not all exhibition-related projects aspire to a final presentation but instead persist as prototypes. Such was Mitchell Gilbert Messina's residency in the Reading Room titled Things That Move, which explored the potentials (and potential limitations) of exhibiting kinetic art at scale.

Installation photograph from Mitchell Gilbert Messina's residency in A4 Art Foundation. In the middle, two tables wrapped in brown paper holds pieces of cardboard and various electronic tools and components. At the back, the walls lined with pieces of cardboard that host pinned research notes.

At A4, the spatialising of ideas follows different registers and modes. Some of these projects are ambitiously complex; others are refined to the simplest of gestures. Still more exist between these two poles in their demands on time, space and attention.

The most sprawling of these is Mikhael Subotzky and Patrick Waterhouse's Ponte City book towers, a durational, episodic project that has since 2023 necessitated the unpacking and repacking of their archive, material tests, iterations of form, and the development of strategies of towards future educational engagements.

The most pared-back might be George Mahashe's Camera Obscura #3, which recast the interior of A4's then-unrenovated building into a projection screen, the brick-and-mortar structure performing as photographic apparatus and mind's eye.

Installation photograph from George Mahashe’s ‘Camera Obscura #3’ exhibition on A4’s top floor. The darkened space features freestanding surfaces with a projected images from A4’s exterior facilitated by Mahashe’s pinhole camera.

Tactile thinking, working in view of others, physically moving between coordinates, lending research dimensional form – these are among the many opportunities afforded by spatialising of ideas. But perhaps, most importantly, they make otherwise obscure processes visible, offering audiences insight into the provisionality, experimentation and productive uncertainty essential to creative practice.

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